Microblogology

I haven’t posted in a while because the news has just been so dismal, but I NEEDED to share this with everyone: A recent survey conducted by the International Food Information Council found that adults are snacking more during the Covid pandemic.

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• 85% of surveyed individuals have changed they way they eat during lockdown.
• Consumers 18 to 35 years, and older than 50 years snacked more.
• Adults with children, and adults without children snacked more.
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• Some women and some men indicated eating more food more than usual.
  • (Check the article posted on Helio for actual statistics. )

In other studies I found on the internet (these are real studies):

• Electric Fans can help reduce effect of extreme heat if you don’t have air conditioning (Link)
• Dogs Can Discriminate Emotional Expressions of Human Faces (Link)
• AND a study regarding who is viewing cat-related media online (Link)

Stay safe out there and WEAR YOUR MASK.

The New York Times usually has a paywall for reading their content, but they have made an exception for anything related to COVID-19 information. This article was recommended from a podcast by MDs discussing science (@Curbsiders). It addresses the questions we have now that we we are relaxing quarantine:

Is the Virus on My Clothes? My Shoes? My Hair? My Newspaper?

Send it to anyone not up to the minute on COVID-19 information (So everyone… except Toni, HI Dr. Fauci).

P.S. Make sure to read the comments as well! The journalists who wrote this article posted answers to reader’s questions in the comments. Example: Can I reuse a hand towel in my home after washing my hands? (quick answer: YES!)

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People are worried, desperate, scared. They are trying to find anything that will help protect them from this virus. They heard their president give horrible, terrible, lethal advice. They do not know better. They are desperate.

I wasn’t going to write anything about President Trump’s comments because so many people spoke up immediately to say DO NOT DO THIS. I also assumed that people understood that disinfectants are used against infectious organisms because they are designed to be toxic. I am only writing this because of the horror of reading about waves of 911 calls yesterday across the country due to people following Mr. Trump’s suggestions. They are desperate, afraid and do not know better.

Most of you who are reading this are my amazing students (ex-students, old students, graduates?) out there who are fighting the good fight. People who know and have been trained about disinfectants and how to use them. I am writing because sometimes our grandmothers, uncles, cousins won’t listen to our advice over the suggestion of a president. They don’t want to believe the fake news sources either. So I am writing so that you can show them that, hey, this is my microbiology teacher from school, and this is what she is saying..

So this is what Dr. Cramer says: bleach and disinfectants will make you sick or kill you if ingested or injected. Do not use Lysol or Clorox wipes on food or on skin either. You should not eat food that has come into contact with disinfectants like Lysol, or Clorox wipes. They are meant to be used on surfaces such as toilets. If used on food-prep surfaces, the manufacturer recommends that you wipe counter-tops with clean water before preparing food on surfaces treated with Lysol.

These chemicals should never be used on skin or on human tissue. They are immediately toxic if ingested or injected. Disinfectants kill bacteria and viruses by destroying their lipid membranes/DNA/proteins. The same effect will happen on your tissues. These chemicals damage lungs cells, mutate DNA, destroy tissues. They are toxic.

Also, disinfectants and bleach hurt 挂ssr加速软件bacteria. We are learning just how valuable your microbiome is at keeping you healthy. Bleach baths should be used only for people with specific skin conditions. Bathing in disinfectants can eliminate good microbiota, leaving you vulnerable for colonization by other infectious organisms. You do not need bleach on your skin to kill the virus. Soap and water will do the job, and will leave your normal microbia safe and sound.

I am writing this to help people who are trying to protect their family from terrible, lethal suggestions. Some people will only believe it if they see it in print or on Facebook. I am putting it in writing. Just tell them NO.

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I don’t know. We (as scientists) are still learning and trying to figure out what to do. We are investigating the BEST way of doing things, studying what has happened, what is happening. But unfortunately, science is slow, it takes time to do research correctly. I personally know scientists who heard the alert from the WHO in January, took it seriously and started working IMMEDIATELY on what they knew was coming. They are still working. They have made progress but -it just takes TIME to do science right.

What we DO also know is: This too shall pass. Eventually.

What do I mean by that? There are already 挂ssr加速软件 out in our world that have been here for a long time. We have already been exposed to these other strains of coronaviruses, and now, due to herd immunity, most of us just get regular garden variety colds. No death, no long term complications. But that is because they have been around a long time and EVERYONE has been exposed, has made some immunity and survived.  

We also know that once COVID-19 virus has infected EVERYONE, it will cause just a common cold. How? Once everyone has been exposed (or hopefully vaccinated) for the COVID-19 virus, then the only new cases of infection will occur in the young -who had not had it before. In the young COVID-19 causes mild garden variety common cold symptoms, or no symptoms at all. Just a normal coronavirus infection. But because most of the world has NOT been exposed to this virus we don’t have that herd immunity that can protect those most at risk from dying from this infection. Currently, because we have no pre-existing immunity (have been exposed to the virus before), no antiviral drugs and no vaccine, those who become infected have two options:  either survive or die from the infection.

There are too many simply dying from the infection right now. There is no herd.

According to the information for today (April 21, 2020) only about 819,000 people have tested positive and the U.S. population is 328,000,000. That means we don’t have information on over 99% of the population.

Because of that, right now I agree with Dr. Fauci, in that we need to isolate. Until we actually KNOW real numbers about who have been exposed, if recovery prevents reinfection, this leaves MOST of the population at risk. And while you may not die from the infection, we also are starting to see 小火箭加速器使用教程分享_极速下载站:2021-11-15 · 小火箭加速器使用教程分享，我们俗称的小火箭，因为其图标是一个小火箭的LOGO，所以大家爱称之为小火箭。大家到App Store下载的时候别认错了，App Store好几款挂羊头卖狗肉的冒充货。一款基于规则的网..., such as heart, kidney and even brain damage in people who have had severe infection.

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However, currently now we have no ability to test anyone but the most obvious cases.  We currently do not know who is infected asymptomatically. We do not know who has BEEN infected and recovered. We do not know who is still at risk. We have no idea about our herd.

And because we have no idea who is a part of the herd, we have to assume, no one is.  Physical distancing/quarantining is all we have to protect people who could be seriously infected/die.

My mom is 83 and lives with me. Her best friends live down the street, are in their 80’s and both have COPD. I have been isolating to keep my mom healthy. This is because until I know that I am recovered (and cannot infect her), we have a vaccine (she cannot get it) or we have a drug treatment so that when she gets it she survives (without hospitalization), I am self-quarantining. If I brought it home because I was out and about, and she became infected through MY actions? I could not live with that knowledge. I stand with Fauci.

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Nonetheless, PLEASE WATCH THIS VIDEO. I swear, once you watch and see how both direct transmission through large droplets, and then indirect transmission through droplet nuclei happens, You will never, EVER want to stand closer that six feet to ANYONE. EVER.

I have been trying to find the original source of this video, but the best I can do is to post both the news source, NHK World News (listed in the video) as well as the Vimeo link I found on Reddit from MixonK . The real action starts about 00:41…..

Micro droplets suspending in air from MixonK on Vimeo.

In the middle of this pandemic, scientific investigation goes on. The coolest thing I have seen recently is the recent report out about the microbiome of the tongue!

The report published in the journal Cell Reports, details how there are specific organisms that colonize and live in specific areas of your tongue. Scientists from the Forsyth Institute and the Harvard School of Dental Medicine did florescent labeling of organisms that live in the oral cavity and detailed how microbes specifically grow in something they term a ” patch mosaic structure”

What is a patch mosaic structure? This is one panel of a figure from the paper where they discuss which organisms colonize different sections of the tongue:

But they have fluorescent images of this figure that are much more impressive:

The paper is fascinating and goes on to suggest how these patches of microbes may be acting to enhance human physiology, such as by creating areas of microbes that can generate nitric oxide from dietary nitrate sources.

An interview published in Science News gave this quote from one of the senior investigators Dr. Gary Borisy, :

Bacteria on the tongue are a lot more than just a random pile. They are more like an organ of our bodies.

The authors also discuss something they called ” landscape-scale factors” where bacteria in a specific niche may influence neighboring organisms by producing factors that inhibit (antimicrobials) and enhance (metabolites) what grows in their neighborhood. What was interesting is how similar all the landscapes were, and that three genera were found in the microbiomes of all 21 of the individuals in the study: Actinomyces, Rothia, and Streptococcus.

The more we investigate the microbiome the more we we see what a complicated organ the human microbiome is!

In a letter to the editor published in the journal Nature, Chinese scientists are sharing their data regarding the effectiveness of a panel of drugs that had been previously used to treat other coronaviruses (SARS and MERS) to see what may be effective against 2019-nCoV .

These scientist treated cultured cells that had been infected with 2019-nCoV, and then studied how much the virus was able to replicate in these cells. Their in vitro investigation shows that best results were achieved following treatments with either chloroquine or remdesivir.

So how do these drugs work against this virus? Remdesivir was developed to work against RNA viruses. How it functions is as a nucleoside analog. It LOOKS like a regular adenosine base, but causes the RNA polymerase to either terminate RNA transcription or cause massive mutations in new RNA strands. This effectively stops the ability of the virus to make new proteins as well as stopping the production of new genomes for emerging virions.

As a cautionary warning, it was also shown to be highly effective in lab and animal studies against Ebola (also an RNA virus). Again this was only in vitro and 挂ssr加速软件. When implemented in field trials with Ebola patients, Remdesivir was determined to be less effective than other monoclonal-based antibody treatments. However, it was still was able to lower mortality by about 50%.

Chloroquine works to stop the acidification of endosomes. Coronaviruses are enveloped RNA viruses that have been shown to enter a cell by a specific endocytic pathway. The prevention of acidification of this pathway may lead to the virus being unable to be released into the cell. Remember, all viruses require cellular machinery to be able to replicate. So chloroquine may be acting to allow the virus in…but keeping it trapped in a bubble where it cannot get to cellular machinery.

The current study published this month in Nature only demonstrates how well the drugs work in vitro. We don’t have data on how well it works on humans. Human trials are just being implemented to prove their effectiveness in stopping COVID-19 deaths and severe respiratory distress. Both remdesivir  and chloroquine have been approved by the FDA to be safe for humans.

We need something NOW to reduce the number of deaths, especially if it works 50% of the time! I have the feeling that quickly approving the use of these drugs may be in the near future. Getting something out now is better than a perfect monoclonal antibody therapy or vaccine that may be months in coming.

I know everyone is looking for alcohol and hand sanitizers, but let’s talk disinfectants. I am still seeing stocks of hydrogen peroxide on shelves. Use that! A new study stated that good ole hydrogen peroxide, household bleach and yes, rubbing alcohol work BEST against coronaviruses.

The study published in the Journal of Hospital Medicine this month, reviewed data from 22 different studies and found that coronaviruses were most effectively inactivated by  “62-71% ethanol, 0.5% hydrogen peroxide or 0.1% sodium hypochlorite within 1 minute.” These products were tested against the SARS, MERS viruses, but they are assuming the same data could be extrapolated for use against the novel SARS-CoV-2.

Household bleach in the bottle is sold at 5% strength. The the study suggests using concentrations of 1:50 to ensure rapid inactivation of virus. I want to remind people that a regular bottle of hydrogen peroxide is at 3% strength.

I think what is even more interesting it that the active ingredient in Lysol (挂ssr加速软件, also known as alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride) was found to be LESS effective at inactivating the virus than any of the basic disinfectants listed above.

So go cheap for disinfecting your household surfaces! Both bleach and hydrogen peroxide are out there. You cannot use them on your hands but they are best on surfaces!!